Blog · Back

EORI Number: What it is and When Do You Need it?

VAT Ai Team
2024-08-02

What is an EORI number?


An EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) number is a unique identification code used in the European Union for customs purposes. It's required for businesses and individuals who import or export goods to or from the EU. The EORI number helps customs authorities track and manage the movement of goods across borders.


Why is an EORI number important?


An EORI number is crucial for several reasons:

  • It facilitates customs clearance processes
  • It's required for submitting customs declarations
  • It enables businesses to apply for customs simplifications and authorizations
  • It helps authorities monitor and manage trade activities


Who needs an EORI number?


You need an EORI number if you:

  • Import goods into the EU
  • Export goods from the EU
  • Transit goods through the EU
  • Submit customs declarations in the EU


Even if you use a customs agent or freight forwarder, you still need your own EORI number.


EORI numbers post-Brexit: Impact on UK-EU trade


Following Brexit, the UK introduced its own EORI number system. Now:

  • UK businesses need a UK EORI number to trade with the EU
  • EU businesses need an EU EORI number to trade with the UK
  • Some businesses may need both UK and EU EORI numbers


For more info about UK EORI Number, visit https://www.gov.uk/eori.


How to obtain an EORI number?


The process of obtaining an EORI number varies slightly depending on your location:


For EU-based businesses:

1. Contact your national customs authority

2. Complete the required application form

3. Provide necessary documentation (e.g., company registration details)

4. Wait for your EORI number to be issued (usually within 3-5 working days)


For non-EU businesses:

1. Apply through the customs authority of the EU country where you first intend to submit a customs declaration

2. Follow their specific application process

3. Provide required documentation



EORI number format and structure


An EORI number typically consists of two parts:

1. A two-letter country code (e.g., DE for Germany, FR for France)

2. A unique identifier assigned by the national customs authority


For example, a German EORI number might look like: DE1234567890


The exact format can vary slightly between countries, but all EORI numbers follow this general structure.


Validity & expiration of EORI numbers


Once issued, an EORI number is generally valid indefinitely. However, there are some exceptions:


  • If your business details change significantly, you may need to apply for a new EORI number
  • Some countries may require periodic renewal or validation of EORI numbers


It's important to keep your EORI registration up to date with any changes in your business information.


EORI number vs. VAT number


While both are important for businesses engaged in international trade, EORI and VAT numbers serve different purposes:


EORI number:

- Used for customs purposes

- Required for importing/exporting goods

- Issued by customs authorities


VAT number:

- Used for tax purposes

- Required for businesses exceeding certain turnover thresholds

- Issued by tax authorities


Common issues with EORI numbers


Some common issues with EORI numbers include:


1. Delays in Obtaining EORI Numbers

Businesses often experience delays in receiving their EORI numbers, which can hinder customs procedures and cross-border trade.


2. Updating Information Challenges

Updating details like company name or address associated with an EORI number can be complex and time-consuming.


3. Confusion in Usage

There is often confusion regarding the correct usage of EORI numbers in customs declarations, leading to potential delays.


4. Invalidation Risks

EORI numbers can be invalidated if a business stops trading or upon request, necessitating regular validity checks.


5. Misuse of Third-Party EORI Numbers

Businesses sometimes mistakenly use a carrier's or customs broker's EORI number instead of their own, which is not permitted.


Make sure to do the following:

  • Double-check your EORI number on all customs documents
  • Ensure your EORI number is registered and active
  • Apply for your EORI number well in advance of your first import/export activity


Already have an EORI Number? You can use our tool to check your EORI number validation status here: https://www.vatai.com/resources/eori


In conclusion, an EORI number is a vital component of EU customs procedures. Whether you're just starting out or looking to expand your cross-border business, mastering the ins and outs of EORI numbers is a basic step toward success in the Europe marketplace. Without a valid EU or UK EORI number, your goods will not be able to clear through customs. If you need help obtaining EU or UK EORI, please contact VAT Ai for more information. We offer this service for a fee of 50€.



Need Help with EORI Registration or VAT Compliance?

Book a free call with VAT Ai today to find tailored solutions for your business


consultation